Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη)
Roza Eskenazi (mid-1890s – 2 December 1980, Greek: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ) was a famous Jewish-Greek dancer and singer of rebetiko, Greek folk music, Kanto and Turkish folk music born in Istanbul, whose recording and stage career extended from the late 1920s into the 1970s. |
Birth and Death Data: Born 1895 (Constantinople), Died December 2, 1980 (Athens)
Date Range of DAHR Recordings: 1930 - 1939
Roles Represented in DAHR: vocalist, songwriter, composer
= Recordings are available for online listening.
= Recordings were issued from this master. No recordings issued from other masters.
Recordings
| Company | Matrix No. | Size | First Recording Date | Title | Primary Performer | Description | Role | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columbia | CO17143 | 10-in. | approximately 1935 | Ta lepta sou den ta thelō (Τα λεπτα σου δεν τα θελω) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | CO17144 | 10-in. | approximately 1935 | Monterna chēra (Μοντερνα χηρα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO19785 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | To glyko phili (Το γλυκο φιλι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO19786 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Tsoupra mou to mantēli sou (Τσουπρα μου το μαντηλι σου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO19787 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Despō mē vgaineis sto choro (Δεσπω μη βγαινεισ στο χορο) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO19788 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Alēthinē agapē (Αληθινη αγαπη) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | CO22998 | 10-in. | approximately 1938 | Melachroino (Μελαχροινο) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | CO22999 | 10-in. | approximately 1938 | Drozatē peloponnēsos (Δροσατη πελοποννησος) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | CO23340 | 10-in. | either 1938 or 1939 | Tou psara o guios (Του ψαρα ο γυιος) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO23833 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Lala aidoni mou glyka (Λαλα αιδονι μου γλυκα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | XCO23834 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Echei ē agapē vasana (Εχει η αγαπη βασανα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | W131149 | 10-in. | between 1925 and 1934 | Mes tou zampikou ton teke (Μες του ζαμπικου τον τεκε) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | W131150 | 10-in. | between 1925 and 1934 | D̲erti kai pono apoktēsa (Ντερτι και πονο αποκτησα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | W294423 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Meraklē, rast manes (Μερακλη, ραστ μανες) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia | W294424 | 12-in. | between 1930 and 1935 | Tourkolimaniōtissa (Τουρκολιμανιωτισσα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA21 | 10-in. | 11/21/1934 | Sēlyvriano (Σηλυβριανό) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA22 | 10-in. | 11/21/1934 | Eimai mia tsachpina (Είμαι μια τσαχπίνα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA23 | 10-in. | before 1/31/1939 | Ap' to brady ōs to prōi (Απ' το βραδυ ως το πρωι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA67 | 10-in. | 11/24/1934 | Koroido adika gyrnas (Κορόιδο άδικα γυρνάς) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Dēmētrios Semsēs (Δημήτρης Σέμσης) | Female vocal solo and violin solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA69 | 10-in. | 11/24/1934 | Ē Voliōtissa (Η Βολιώτισσα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA70 | 10-in. | 11/24/1934 | To neo chanoumaki (Το νεο χανουμακι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA122 | 10-in. | 12/15/1934 | O kaugas gia to petsi (Ο καυγάς για το πετσί) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA123 | 10-in. | 12/15/1934 | Dari- dantra o baglamas (Νταρί- νταντρά ο μπαγλαμάς) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA127 | 10-in. | 12/15/1934 | Korē mou sta metaxōta (Κόρη μου στα μεταξωτά) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA128 | 10-in. | 12/15/1934 | Ta xantha ine tis modas | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA129 | 10-in. | 1/5/1935 | Has’ ta logia (Άσ' τα λόγια) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA138 | 10-in. | 12/15/1934 | Soulimiōtisa (Σουλιμιώτισα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Ap. Stamelos (Απ. Σταμιλος) | Female vocal solo and clarinet, with instrumental ensemble and talk | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA158 | 10-in. | 12/28/1934 | Ē atsingana (Η ατσιγγάνα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA161 | 10-in. | 12/28/1934 | Kophtēn Elenē tēn elia (Κόφτην Ελένη την ελιά) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Ap. Stamelos (Απ. Σταμιλος) | Female vocal solo and klarino (clarinet) | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA168 | 10-in. | 12/28/1934 | Vale me stēn ankalia sou (Βαλε με στην αγκαλια σου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA187 | 10-in. | 1/5/1935 or earlier | O kokoras (Ο κόκορας) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist, composer | |
| Gramophone | 0GA208 | 10-in. | 9/20/1935 | Etsi Marika dechomai (Έτσι Μαρίκα δέχομαι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA209 | 10-in. | 9/20/1935 | Patrinia (Πατρινιά) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA212 | 10-in. | 9/20/1935 | To xenaki (Το ξενάκι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Nikos Karakostas (Νικος Καρακōstas) | Female vocal solo and klarino (clarinet) | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA213 | 10-in. | 9/20/1935 | Tēn agapē mou (Την αγάπη μου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with clarinet | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA273 | 10-in. | 10/10/1935 | Ē poulēmenē stēn xenēteia (Η πουλημένη στην ξενητειά) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA274 | 10-in. | 10/10/1935 | Chronia stēn xenēteia (Χρονια στην ξενητεια) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | songwriter, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA275 | 10-in. | 10/10/1935 | Mes to vathy skotadi (Μες το βαθύ σκοτάδι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | songwriter, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA276 | 10-in. | 10/10/1935 | Souchei lachei (Σούχει λάχει) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA344 | 10-in. | Apr 1936 | Ta vasana tis plistras (Τα βάσανα της πλύστρας) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist, songwriter | |
| Gramophone | 0GA345 | 10-in. | April 1936 | Apopse an theleis (Απόψε αν θέλεις) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA378 | 10-in. | 1936 | Gia na xereis (Για να ξέρεις) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA379 | 10-in. | 1936 | Giannē mouspases tē stamna (Γιάννη μούσπασες τη στάμνα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Stellakēs Perpiniadēs (Στελλάκης Περπινιάδης) | Female-male vocal duet | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA402 | 10-in. | 1936 | Stazoun ta keramidia sou (Στάζουν τα κεραμίδια σου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Nikos Karakostas (Νικος Καρακōstas) | Female vocal solo and klarino (clarinet) | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA429 | 10-in. | 1936 | Se zōgraphisa vlacha mou (Σε ζωγράφισα βλάχα μου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | songwriter, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA430 | 10-in. | 1936 | Arapina mou skertsoza (Αραπίνα μου σκερτσόζα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | composer, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA445 | 10-in. | before 6/18/1937 | Mēn orkizesai vre pseutra (Μην ορκίζεσαι βρε ψεύτρα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA448 | 10-in. | before 6/18/1937 | Poia ein' autē pou perase (Ποια ειν' αυτή που πέρασε) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Nikos Karakostas (Νικος Καρακōstas) | Female vocal solo and klarino (clarinet) | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | [Orth cat S-521-A] | 10-in. | 1930s | Mathe to miake kalē (Μαθε το μια και καλη) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA699 | 10-in. | March 1938 | Pheugeis kai menō mono mou (Φεύγεις και μένω μόνο μου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental quartet | songwriter, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA700 | 10-in. | March 1938 | Se xerō (Σε ξέρω) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental quartet | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA785 | 10-in. | August 1938 | Thelō kitrina na valēs (Θέλω κίτρινα να βάλης) | Rita Abatzi (Ρίτα Αμπατζή) | Female vocal solo | composer | |
| Gramophone | 0GA941 | 10-in. | August 1939 | Ē chōriatopoula (Η χωριατοπουλα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0GA942 | 10-in. | August 1939 | Kourastēka stēn chenēteia (Κουραστηκα στην ξενητεια) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1383 | 10-in. | 11/28/1933 | Ē Koula (Η Κούλα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1385 | 10-in. | 11/28/1933 | Nea meraklou (Νεα μερακλου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1420 | 10-in. | 1/8/1934 | Psarades houvardades (Ψαράδες χουβαρντάδες) | Rita Abatzi (Ρίτα Αμπατζή) | Female vocal solo | songwriter | |
| Gramophone | 0T1421 | 10-in. | before 11/20/1934 | To marikaki (Το Μαρικακι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1422 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | Mana mou auton thelō (Μάνα μου αυτόν θέλω) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1423 | 10-in. | 12/14/1933 | To Despoinaki (Το Δεσποινάκι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1424 | 10-in. | 12/14/1933 | To nautaki (Το ναυτάκι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1508 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | Ē stelitsa (Η στελιτσα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Kōstas Nouros (Κώστας Νούρος) | Female-male vocal duet | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1509 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | Lela (Λέλα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1510 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | To Christinaki (Το Χριστινάκι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1512 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | O mylōnas (Ο μυλωνας) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) ; Kostas Nouras (Κώστας Νουρας) | Vocal duet, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1513 | 10-in. | 1/10/1934 | Den me theleis pia (Δεν με θελεις πια) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1623 | 10-in. | 6/28/1934 | Thelō apopse na glentēsō (Θέλω απόψε να γλεντήσω) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1635 | 10-in. | 7/17/1934 | Dichōs kaltses perpatoun (Δίχως κάλτσες περπατούν) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1737 | 10-in. | 7/21/1934 | Alexandrian felaha (Αλεξανδριανή φελάχα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1738 | 10-in. | 7/21/1934 | To kanarini (Το καναρίνι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble and bird sounds | vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1741 | 10-in. | 7/21/1934 | To mōro (Το μωρό) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble and sound effects | songwriter, vocalist | |
| Gramophone | 0T1742 | 10-in. | 7/21/1934 | Mantēli (Μαντηλι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1449 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Plīges n' anoίxīs polemas (Πληγες ν' ανοίξης πολεμας) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1703 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Ē nea chēra (Η νέα χηρα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1793 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Giatί foymarō koka-i-nī (Γιατί φουμαρω κοκα-ι-νη) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1861 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Kamōmatou (Kαμωματού) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1862 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Tsakpina Smyrniopoula-Gialeli (Τσακπίνα Σμυρνιοπούλα-Γιαλέλι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1866 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | To salvari toy Kiorogloy (Το σαλβάρι του Κιορόγλου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Odeon | Go1876 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Ē Boemissa (Η Μποέμισσα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | £101121 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Ē Chasikloy (Η Χασικλου) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | £101148 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Oysak-tsifte-manes (Ουσακ-τσιφτε-μανες) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | £101254 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | O belalīs (Ο μπελαλης) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | 101321 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | CHariklaki (Χαρικλάκι) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | 101322 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Ginomai andras (Γίνομαι άνδρας) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | £101338 | 12-in. | approximately 1930 | Ta lepta soy den ta thelō (Τα λεπτα σου δεν τα θελω) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | £101369 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Konialīs (Κονιαλης) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Parlophon | A101430 | 10-in. | approximately 1930 | Guftissa (Γύφτισσα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo with instrumental ensemble | vocalist | |
| Columbia (U.K.) | WG416 | 10-in. | November 1932 | Monterna chīra (Μοντερνα χηρα) | Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη) | Female vocal solo, with instrumental ensemble | vocalist |
Citation
Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Eskenazē, Roza (Εσκενάζη, Ρόζα)," accessed April 25, 2024, https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/105285.
Eskenazē, Roza (Εσκενάζη, Ρόζα). (2024). In Discography of American Historical Recordings. Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/105285.
"Eskenazē, Roza (Εσκενάζη, Ρόζα)." Discography of American Historical Recordings. UC Santa Barbara Library, 2024. Web. 25 April 2024.
DAHR Persistent Identifier
External Sources
Wikipedia: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ
Discogs: Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη)
Apple Music: Roza Eskenazē (Ρόζα Εσκενάζη)
Linked Open Data Sources
LCNAR: Eskenazē, Roza, -1980 - http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n86028651
Wikidata: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q298189
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/290637098
MusicBrainz: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ - https://musicbrainz.org/artist/754a1dd2-7379-4dcb-bfdb-a03459b9f530
Wikipedia content provided under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-SA license
Feedback
Send the Editors a message about this record.