Edward Madden
Edward Madden (July 17, 1878 – March 11, 1952) was an American lyricist. |
Birth and Death Data: Born July 17, 1878 (New York City), Died March 11, 1952 (Hollywood)
Date Range of DAHR Recordings: 1903 - 1947
Roles Represented in DAHR: lyricist, composer
= Recordings are available for online listening.
= Recordings were issued from this master. No recordings issued from other masters.
Recordings
| Company | Matrix No. | Size | First Recording Date | Title | Primary Performer | Description | Role | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victor | A-389 | 7-in. | 9/2/1903 | Up in a cocoanut tree | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-389 | 10-in. | 9/10/1903 | Up in a cocoanut tree | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-390 | 7-in. | 9/2/1903 | My little 'rang outang | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-390 | 10-in. | 9/10/1903 | My little 'rang outang | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-446 | 7-in. | 9/23/1903 | When we were two little boys | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-446 | 10-in. | 9/23/1903 | When we were two little boys | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-460 | 7-in. | 9/29/1903 | It takes the Irish to beat the Dutch | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-460 | 10-in. | 9/29/1903 | It takes the Irish to beat the Dutch | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1012 | 7-in. | 2/3/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Arthur Collins | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1012 | 10-in. | 2/3/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Arthur Collins | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1064 | 7-in. | 3/2/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Dan W. Quinn | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1064 | 10-in. | 3/2/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Dan W. Quinn | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1069 | 10-in. | 3/3/1904 | Come down from the big fig tree | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1069 | 7-in. | 3/3/1904 | Come down from the big fig tree | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1163 | 7-in. | 3/24/1904 | Blue Bell | Haydn Quartet ; Harry Macdonough | Male vocal quartet and male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1163 | 10-in. | 3/24/1904 | Blue Bell | Haydn Quartet ; Harry Macdonough | Male vocal quartet and male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1210 | 10-in. | 4/13/1904 | Two eyes of brown | Harry Macdonough | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | C-1210 | 12-in. | 4/13/1904 | Two eyes of brown | Harry Macdonough | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1331 | 10-in. | 5/20/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | S. H. Dudley | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1580 | 7-in. | 7/11/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1580 | 10-in. | 7/11/1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1581 | 7-in. | 7/11/1904 | Please come and play in my yard | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1581 | 10-in. | 7/11/1904 | Please come and play in my yard | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | A-1624 | 7-in. | 7/19/1904 | I've got a feelin' for you | Harry Tally | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1624 | 10-in. | 7/19/1904 | I've got a feelin' for you | Harry Tally | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1661 | 10-in. | 8/3/1904 | Blue Bell | Harry Macdonough | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1751 | 10-in. | 10/11/1904 | A little boy called Taps | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1759 | 10-in. | 10/12/1904 | Make a fuss over me | Dan W. Quinn | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-1771 | 10-in. | 10/13/1904 | A rare old bird | Bob Roberts | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2454 | 10-in. | 4/7/1905 | She waits by the deep blue sea | J. W. Myers | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2708 | 10-in. | 8/8/1905 | The leader of the German band | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2774 | 10-in. | 9/28/1905 | Good night, my starlight | Haydn Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2867 | 10-in. | 11/7/1905 | Paddle your own canoe | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2871 | 10-in. | 11/7/1905 | Daddy's little girl | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-2872 | 10-in. | 11/7/1905 | The leader of the German band | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | E-3348 | 8-in. | 4/27/1906 | When we were two little boys | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-3370 | 10-in. | 5/8/1906 | It takes the Irish to beat the Dutch | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | E-3370 | 8-in. | 5/8/1906 | It takes the Irish to beat the Dutch | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-3371 | 10-in. | 5/8/1906 | Please come and play in my yard | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-3420 | 10-in. | 5/29/1906 | Colleen Bawn | J. W. Myers | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-3429 | 10-in. | 6/1/1906 | Coming through the rye, Jennie mine | Albert Campbell | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-3473 | 10-in. | 6/14/1906 | Oh! Eliza, save a little for me | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist, composer | |
| Victor | E-3473 | 8-in. | 6/14/1906 | Oh! Eliza, save a little for me | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist, composer | |
| Victor | B-4464 | 10-in. | 5/7/1907 | Broncho buster | Harry Tally | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-4853 | 10-in. | 10/2/1907 | Two blue eyes | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-4894 | 10-in. | 10/23/1907 | Smile, smile, smile | Ada Jones ; Billy Murray | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | E-4894 | 8-in. | 10/23/1907 | Smile, smile, smile | Ada Jones ; Billy Murray | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-4974 | 10-in. | 12/18/1907 | Two little baby shoes | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-4976 | 10-in. | 12/18/1907 | The family tree | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-4987 | 10-in. | 12/31/1907 | I'd rather be a lobster than a wise guy | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-5078 | 10-in. | 2/13/1908 | I want to be a merry Merry Widow | Ada Jones | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6070 | 10-in. | 3/31/1908 | Santiago Flynn | Ada Jones ; Len Spencer | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra and mandolin | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6099 | 10-in. | 4/13/1908 | The lanky Yankee boys in blue | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6175 | 10-in. | 5/6/1908 | Down in Jungle Town | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6191 | 10-in. | 5/12/1908 | Stupid Mr. Cupid | Ada Jones | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6260 | 10-in. | 6/9/1908 | When you wore a pinafore | Harry Macdonough ; Frank C. Stanley | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6267 | 10-in. | 6/12/1908 | I've taken quite a fancy to you | Ada Jones ; Billy Murray | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6301 | 10-in. | 7/13/1908 | The old time rag | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6502 | 10-in. | 10/3/1908 | There is nothing in the world like love | Harvey W. Hindermeyer | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6760 | 10-in. | 1/29/1909 | Good-bye, Molly Brown | Maude Raymond | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6761 | 10-in. | 1/29/1909 | The dusky Salome | Maude Raymond | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-6999 | 10-in. | 4/23/1909 | My cousin Caruso | Ed Morton | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-7073 | 10-in. | 5/13/1909 | My cousin Caruso | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-8114 | 10-in. | 7/16/1909 | Baboon bungalow | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-8501 | 10-in. | 12/22/1909 | By the light of the silv'ry moon | Haydn Quartet ; Billy Murray | Male vocal solo and male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-8904 | 10-in. | 4/29/1910 | Under the Hebrew moon | Maude Raymond | Female vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-8989 | 10-in. | 5/24/1910 | Silver bell | Peerless Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9123 | 10-in. | 6/21/1910 | Under the Hebrew moon | Ada Jones | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9409 | 10-in. | 9/6/1910 | Lucy-Anna-Lou | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9582 | 10-in. | 10/26/1910 | Silver bell | "That Girl" Quartet | Female vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9682 | 10-in. | 12/1/1910 | Merry wedding bells | Lyric Quartet | Mixed vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9708 | 10-in. | 12/13/1910 | Silver bell | Haydn Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9810 | 10-in. | 1/13/1911 | Love is like a red, red rose | Henry Burr ; Elise Stevenson | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-9822 | 10-in. | 1/18/1911 | Only love dreams | Sallie Osborne | Female vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-10149 | 10-in. | 4/5/1911 | My Yiddisha colleen | Walter Van Brunt | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-10697 | 10-in. | 7/10/1911 | My hula hula love | Ada Jones ; Billy Murray | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-10803 | 10-in. | 7/18/1911 | You'll do the same thing over again | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-10804 | 10-in. | 7/18/1911 | The red rose rag | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-10846 | 10-in. | 7/31/1911 | Jimmy Valentine | Peerless Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-11381 | 10-in. | 12/15/1911 | Moonlight Bay | American Quartet | Male vocal quartet | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-11410 | 10-in. | 12/22/1911 | Rum tum tiddle | Al Jolson | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-11448 | 10-in. | 1/11/1912 | The skeleton rag | American Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-12724 | 10-in. | 12/16/1912 | Mister Yankee Doodle | American Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | B-16189 | 10-in. | 7/9/1915 | On the bay of old Bombay | Lyric Quartet | Mixed vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | C-16218 | 12-in. | 7/21/1915 | Songs of the past, no. 6 | Victor Mixed Chorus | Vocal chorus and soloists, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | BVE-37902 | 10-in. | 2/16/1927 | Good bye, my blue bell | Richard Brooks ; Ruben Puckett | Male vocal duet | lyricist | |
| Victor | CVE-49096 | 12-in. | 1/28/1929 | Minstrel show of 1929 | Victor Minstrels | Minstrels, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Victor | BVE-49215 | 10-in. | 11/30/1928 | Jimmy Valentine | Nathaniel Shilkret ; Victor Orchestra | Orchestra, with male vocal solo and chorus | lyricist | |
| Victor | BS-030728 | 10-in. | 12/17/1938 | Medley of Gus Edwards' hits | Dick Todd | Baritone vocal solo, with jazz/dance band | lyricist | |
| Victor | BS-073401 | 10-in. | 3/4/1942 | Moonlight Bay | Bob Chester Orchestra ; Elisse Cooper ; Four Notes ; Gene Howard | Jazz/dance band, with male vocal solo and mixed vocal quartet | lyricist | |
| Victor | BS-074716 | 10-in. | 6/30/1942 | By the light of the silvery moon | Bob Chester Orchestra ; Gene Howard | Jazz/dance band, with male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| Victor | BS-075423 | 10-in. | 7/13/1942 | By the light of the silvery moon | Deep River Boys ; Fats Waller and his Rhythm | Jazz/dance sextet, with male vocal solo and male vocal ensemble | lyricist | |
| Victor | D7VB-0583 | 10-in. | 6/30/1947 | By the light of the silvery moon | Dennis Day ; Mark Warnow Orchestra ; Mark Warnow | Male vocal solo, with vocal chorus and instrumental ensemble | lyricist | |
| Victor | D7VB-1113 | 10-in. | 10/30/1947 | Down in jungle town | City Slickers ; Head Hunters ; Spike Jones ; Paul Judson ; Freddy Morgan | Male vocal duet, with vocal group and instrumental ensemble | lyricist | |
| Victor | [Trial 1912-05-24-01] | Not documented | 5/24/1912 | Moonlight bay | Elsie Ward | Female vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1574 | 7-in. | ca. 1903-Oct. 1905 | Up in the cocoanut tree | J. W. Myers | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1574 | 10-in. | ca. 1903 | Up in the cocoanut tree | J. W. Myers | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1647 | 10-in. | approximately 1903 | It takes the Irish to beat the Dutch | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1813 | 10-in. | approximately 1904 | Blue bell | Henry Burr | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1872 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Nov. 1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Bob Roberts | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 1876 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Nov. 1904 | A little boy called "Taps" | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3037 | 7-in. | ca. 1904 | I've got a feeling for you | Bob Roberts | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3038 | 7-in. | ca. 1904 | A little boy called "Taps" | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with piano | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3225 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Sept. 1905 | A little boy called "Taps" : Medley | Columbia Quartette | Male vocal quartet, with bugle | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3266 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Oct. 1905 | Starlight | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3286 | 10-in. | between January and November 1905 | Please come and play in my yard | Ada Jones | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3461 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Aug. 1906 | Coming through the rye, Jennie mine | Albert Campbell | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3729 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Nov. 1907 | I could learn to love you when you smile, smile, smile | Ada Jones ; Billy Murray | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3733 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Nov. 1907 | Two blue eyes | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3747 | 10-in. | between 1907 and February 1908 | Way down in Colon Town | Billy Murray | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3758 | 10-in. | between 1907 and February 1908 | Sunrise at the zoo | Gilbert Girard ; Ada Jones | Female vocal solo, with animal imitations | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 3905 | 10-in. | between January and July 1908 | I've taken quite a fancy to you | Frank C. Stanley ; Elise Stevenson | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 4051 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-May 1909 | Under the honeymoon | Frank C. Stanley ; Elise Stevenson | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 4113 | 10-in. | between January and July 1909 | My cousin Caruso | Byron G. Harlan | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 4323 | 10-in. | approximately 1909 | By the light of the silvery moon | Columbia Quartette | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 4526 | 10-in. | between January and August 1910 | The chanticleer rag | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 4852 | 10-in. | ca. Jan.-Nov. 1910 | Silver bell | Henry Burr ; Frank C. Stanley | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19387 | 10-in. | 5/26/1911 | My hula hula love | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19388 | 10-in. | 5/26/1911 | Red rose rag | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19448 | 10-in. | 7/7/1911 | Spanish eyes | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19451 | 10-in. | 7/7/1911 | Jimmy Valentine | Columbia Quartette | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19462 | 10-in. | 7/17/1911 | Love me | Frederick V. Bowers | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19581 | 10-in. | 9/30/1911 | I've got feathers on my head | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19720 | 10-in. | 1/8/1912 | Moonlight Bay | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19765 | 10-in. | 2/16/1912 | Rum tum tiddle | Arthur Collins | Male vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 19835 | 10-in. | 3/30/1912 | Rag time chimes | Dolly Connolly | Female vocal solo, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | 46631 | 10-in. | 3/14/1916 | Sail on to Ceylon | Henry Burr ; Albert Campbell | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Columbia | W148362 | 10-in. | 4/19/1929 | Silver bell | Jess Young's Tennessee Band | Violin and guitar, with male vocal solo | lyricist | |
| OKeh | 74300 | 10-in. | Aug. 1926 | Silver bell | Ernest V. Stoneman | Male vocal solo, with fiddle (violin), guitar, and harmonica | lyricist | |
| Brunswick | E28922 | 10-in. | 12/20/1928 | Blue Bell | Buckle Busters ; Al Hopkins | Male vocal solo, with instrumental and vocal ensemble | lyricist | |
| Brunswick | E22248-E22249 | 10-in. | 4/4/1927 | Moonlight Bay | Dixieland Four | Male vocal quartet, with lute, guitar, and piano | lyricist | |
| Edison | 164 | Not documented | 8/18/1910 | Lucy Anna Lou | Arthur Collins ; Byron G. Harlan | Vocal duet (tenor and baritone), with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 165 | Not documented | 8/18/1910 | Down in Jungle Town | Arthur Collins ; Byron G. Harlan | Vocal duet (tenor and baritone), with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 975 | 10-in. | between 4/1/1912 and 4/9/1912 | Lucy Anna Lou | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 1058 | 10-in. | 5/29/1912 | Silver bell | Metropolitan Quartet | Mixed vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 1181 | 10-in. | 8/8/1912 | Silver bell | Helen Clark ; Edwin Skedden | Female-male vocal duet and vocal ensemble, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 3061 | 10-in. | May 1914 | Lucy Anna Lou | Collins and Harlan | Male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 3743 | 10-in. | 3/3/1915 | Moonlight Bay | Premier Quartet | Male vocal quartet, with orchestra | lyricist | |
| Edison | 5990 | 10-in. | 1/31/1918 | Silver bell | Vernon Dalhart ; Gladys Rice | Female-male vocal duet, with orchestra | lyricist |
Citation
Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Madden, Edward," accessed April 24, 2024, https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/106542.
Madden, Edward. (2024). In Discography of American Historical Recordings. Retrieved April 24, 2024, from https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/106542.
"Madden, Edward." Discography of American Historical Recordings. UC Santa Barbara Library, 2024. Web. 24 April 2024.
DAHR Persistent Identifier
External Sources
Wikipedia: Edward Madden
Discogs: Edward Madden
Allmusic: Edward Madden
IMDb: Edward Madden
Linked Open Data Sources
LCNAR: Madden, Edward, 1878-1952 - http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92052296
Wikidata: Edward Madden - http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1256808
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/45957684
MusicBrainz: Edward Madden - https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f26fe892-2d36-4f77-a01b-dd0bbd51e326
Wikipedia content provided under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-SA license
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